What are the two types of testing (UA)?

• A. Targeted and mandatory
• B. Random and routine
• C. Random and targeted
• D. Routine and randomized

Answer: (C)

In urine analysis programs, the two main testing approaches are random testing and targeted testing. Random testing uses a computer-generated random selection from a pool of eligible individuals and is typically unannounced, which deters substance use by making it unpredictable who will be tested. Targeted testing focuses on specific individuals or groups based on observable indicators, behavior, safety concerns, or after incidents, and is used when there’s reasonable suspicion or for follow-up, return-to-duty, or post-incident situations. Together, these methods balance broad deterrence with focused enforcement on those at higher risk, ensuring the program catches violations while maintaining fairness and safety.